Search results for "Liver injury"
showing 10 items of 144 documents
Hepatotoxicity caused by mebendazole in a patient with Gilbert's syndrome
2019
What is known and objective Mebendazole (MBZ) is a broad-spectrum antihelminthic agent of the benzimidazole type. Although MBZ has been reported to cause hepatic injury, case reports of severe hepatic injury are very rare. We report a case of severe hepatitis after administration of MBZ in a patient with Gilbert's syndrome affected by pinworms infestation. Case summary Differently from other cases of hepatitis due to MBZ reported in the scientific literature, our patient received standard doses of MBZ for a short period of time. After 18 days from the start of therapy, he developed hepatomegaly, and increases in hepatic enzymes and bilirubin. Hepatic enzymes returned to normal over the foll…
A questionable diagnosis in a woman with drowsiness
2019
A 60-year-old caucasian woman was admitted to our Division of Internal Medicine for a 10-day history of drowsiness, irritability, dysphasia, weakness and difficulties in the maintenance of an upright position with numerous falls, with a traumatic lumbar spine injury and on the left shoulder. Then, while general clinical conditions were getting worse with drowsiness and hyposthenia of the right side of the body, after neurological evaluation, she was recovered in hospital. Pathological history includes a 20-year epilepsy and depression with emotional lability, behavior’s disorders and attempted suicide. For such reason, she was followed in a mental health institute, treated with phenobarbita…
The Effects of Sodium Nitroprusside-Induced Hypotension on Splanchnic Perfusion and Hepatocellular Integrity
1999
UNLABELLED The purpose of our study was to investigate the effects of sodium nitroprusside-induced hypotension on splanchnic perfusion and hepatocellular integrity. Thirty patients undergoing radical prostatectomy were allocated randomly to a sodium nitroprusside (SNP) or control group (control). Regional pco2 was measured using gastric tonometry, and the regional to arterial difference in partial pressure of CO2 and intramucosal pH were calculated. The cytosolic liver enzyme alpha-glutathione S-transferase and standard liver enzyme markers (alanine aminotransferase, aspartate aminotransferase, and gamma-glutamyltransferase) were also measured. Mean arterial pressure in the SNP group was 50…
Competency of different cell models to predict human hepatotoxic drugs.
2014
The liver is the most important target for drug-induced toxicity. This vulnerability results from functional liver features and its role in the metabolic elimination of most drugs. Drug-induced liver injury is a significant leading cause of acute, chronic liver disease and an important safety issue when developing new drugs.This review describes the advantages and limitations of hepatic cell-based models for early safety risk assessment during drug development. These models include hepatocytes cultured as monolayer, collagen-sandwich; emerging complex 3D configuration; liver-derived cell lines; stem cell-derived hepatocytes.In vitro toxicity assays performed in hepatocytes or hepatoma cell …
Human Upcyte Hepatocytes: Characterization of the Hepatic Phenotype and Evaluation for Acute and Long-Term Hepatotoxicity Routine Testing
2016
The capacity of human hepatic cell-based models to predict hepatotoxicity depends on the functional performance of cells. The major limitations of human hepatocytes include the scarce availability and rapid loss of the hepatic phenotype. Hepatoma cells are readily available and easy to handle, but are metabolically poor compared with hepatocytes. Recently developed human upcyte hepatocytes offer the advantage of combining many features of primary hepatocytes with the unlimited availability of hepatoma cells. We analyzed the phenotype of upcyte hepatocytes comparatively with HepG2 cells and adult primary human hepatocytes to characterize their functional features as a differentiated hepatic …
Genetic variation in the TLL1 gene is not associated with fibrosis in patients with metabolic associated fatty liver disease.
2020
Metabolic associated fatty liver disease (MAFLD) is the most prevalent liver disease in Western nations, with high heritability. A recent study of Japanese patients with the disease suggested that TLL1 rs17047200 is associated with fibrosis; whether a similar association is observed in Caucasian patients with MAFLD is unknown. We investigated the association of the TLL1 rs17047200 polymorphism with liver fibrosis in a cohort of Caucasian patients with MAFLD (n = 728). We also investigated whether TLL1 expression is altered during liver injury in humans, in murine models of fibrosis, and in in-vitro. While TLL1 expression is upregulated in the liver of humans with MAFLD and in mice, the rs17…
Acute and chronic hepatitis in childhood leukemia: a multicentric study from the Italian Pediatric Cooperative Group for Therapy of Acute Leukemia (A…
1985
The incidence of acute and chronic liver damage and its relation to hepatitis B virus (HBV) infection was evaluated in 164 consecutive children with acute leukemia seen in ten Italian hemato-pediatric units. Thirteen out of 164 children (7.9%) had acute hepatitis (AH) during treatment, while 8/90 (8.8%) showed an acute exacerbation of liver damage within 6 months after therapy withdrawal. Seven of the 13 children with AH while on therapy were HBsAg positive. In 12/13 cases, liver disease progressed to chronicity. Five of eight children who developed AH after completion of treatment were HBsAg positive. Eighty-nine patients (54.2%) developed biochemical evidence of chronic hepatitis during t…
Drugs and Toxins Effects on the Liver
2011
Drug induced hepatotoxicity can be defined as a liver injury caused by drug or herbal medicines leading to liver test abnormalities or to a liver dysfunction with a reasonable exclusion of the other competing aetiologies. The liver has a central function in the metabolism of the xenobiotics, and as a result it may be susceptible to its toxic or idiosyncratic effects. While the overall incidence of drug induced liver injury (DILI) is infrequent (1 in 10.000 to 100.000 persons exposed), the impact is significant in the general population, with broad implications for patients, physicians, pharmaceutical industries and governmental regulatory agencies. DILI is the principle reason for the termi…
Eliciting callus culture for production of hepatoprotective flavonoids and phenolics from Sequoia sempervirens (D. Don Endl)
2020
The aim of our study is to estimate the hepatoprotective effects of the ethanolic extract of the leaves of Sequoia sempervirens by determination of liver biomarkers (ALT, AST, total bilirubin and albumin in serum) and by histopathological examinations using thioacetamide-induced (TAA) liver injury model. Concurrent administration of ethanolic extracts of S. sempervirens leaves improved the alterations in liver morphology where it was a potent protector of the liver. The potential of L-phenylalanine and silver nitrate as chemical elicitors as well as UV radiation as a physical elicitor on flavonoid production in callus culture of S. sempervirens were emphasized. Murashige and Skoog’s medium …
Drug Induced Liver Injury (Dili) and Non Alcoholic Fatty Liver Disease (Nafld)
2020
This review article includes a review of the latest literature searched on PubMed in the field of hepatotoxicity caused by drugs that have a wide daily application. The concept of the review article consists of several parts dealing with the definition of drugs induced liver injury - DILI, diagnostic challenges related to it, and the clinical spectrum of liver disease, with an emphasis on the development of nonalcoholic fatty liver disease - NAFLD and review of drugs involved in formation of NAFLD.